Evaluation of sensory, textural, and nutritional attributes of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) as prepared by five types of drying methods

Abstract

The effect of freeze drying (FD), far‐infrared radiation drying (FIRD), heat pump drying (HPD), hot air drying (HAD), and hot air combined instant controlled pressure drop drying (DIC) were compared on the drying efficiency and quality attributes of dried shiitake mushrooms. The results showed that in comparison with the HPD, HAD, and DIC, the FIRD shiitake mushroom exhibited better appearance with less shrinkage and lower ΔE (6.10), lower hardness (34.82\u2009N), and higher rehydration ratio (7.55), which were more resemble to those of the FD sample. Besides, a significantly higher (p\u2009<\u20090.05) retention of protein was found in the FD and FIRD sample (2.47\u2009mg/g and 2.30\u2009mg/g), as well as higher retention of polysaccharide (1.79\u2009mg/g and 1.39\u2009mg/g). In addition, FIRD shiitake mushroom were superior to FD product in terms of saving drying time as 66.25% and exhibiting maximum numbers of flavor components, among which specific sulfides showed the highest percentage (24.59%). Therefore, the FIRD dried shiitake mushroom obtained a better overall quality among the products dried by the five drying methods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Shiitake mushrooms are wildly planted edible fungi, which are consumed mostly in dried form around the word. Recently, the demand of efficient application have promoted an increasingly use of novel drying technologies in mushroom processing. This study presents comprehensive evaluations on some vital quality attributes of shiitake mushrooms using five drying methods that already commercialized in China. FIRD was more suitable to produce dried shiitake mushrooms with desirable appearance and texture, as well as relatively rich flavor and nutrients.