Patterns of social determinants of health associated with drug use among women living with HIV in Canada: a latent class analysis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS\nIdentifying typologies of social determinants of health (SDoH) vulnerability influencing drug use practices among women living with HIV (WLWH) can help to address associated harms. This research aimed to explore the association of SDoH clusters with drug use among WLWH.\n\n\nDESIGN\nLatent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the distinct clusters of SDoH. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was employed to account for confounding and potential selection bias. Associations were analyzed using generalized linear model with log link and Poisson distribution, and then weighted risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.\n\n\nSETTING AND PARTICIPANTS\nData from 1422 WLWH recruited at time-point 1 of the Canadian HIV Women s Sexual and Reproductive Health Cohort Study (CHIWOS, 2013-15), with 1252 participants at 18\xa0months follow-up (time-point 2).\n\n\nMEASUREMENTS\nDrug use was defined as use of illicit/non-prescribed opioids/stimulants in the past 6\xa0months. SDoH indicators included: race discrimination, gender discrimination, HIV stigma, social support, access to care, food security, income level, employment status, education, housing status and histories of recent sex work and incarceration.\n\n\nFINDINGS\nLCA identified four SDoH classes: no/least SDoH adversities (6.6%), discrimination/stigma (17.7%), economic hardship (30.8%) and most SDoH adversities (45.0%). Drug use was reported by 17.5% and 17.2% at time-points 1 and 2, respectively. WLWH with no/least SDoH adversities were less likely to report drug use than those in economic hardship class (weighted RR\xa0=\xa00.13; 95% CIs\xa0=\xa00.03, 0.63), discrimination/stigma class (weighted RR\xa0=\xa00.15; 95% CIs\xa0=\xa00.03, 0.78), and most SDoH adversities class (weighted RR\xa0=\xa00.13; 95% CIs\xa0=\xa00.03, 0.58).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nSocial determinants of health vulnerabilities are associated with greater likelihood of drug use, underscoring the significance of addressing interlinked social determinants and drug use through the course of HIV care and treatment.