Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide may affect the endothelial barrier and IL‐10 expression of apolipoprotein B100‐pulsed dendritic cells

Abstract

Atherogenesis is associated with chronic gut infections; however, the mechanisms are not clear. The aim of the study was to determine whether lipopolysaccharide of E. coli (E. coli LPS) may affect endothelial barrier and modify IL‐10 expression in dendritic cells (DCs). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and monocyte‐derived DCs were treated with E. coli LPS, apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) and 7‐ketocholesterol (7‐kCH) – harmful oxidized form of cholesterol. The effect of E. coli LPS, 7‐kCH and ApoB100 on the barrier functions of HUVECs in real‐time cell electric impedance sensing system (RTCA‐DP) was assessed. Furthermore, the effect of 7‐kCH and ApoB100 on barrier functions of HUVECs co‐cultured with DCs previously treated with LPS was analyzed. Both E. coli LPS and 7‐kCH decreased barrier functions of HUVECs and reduced tight junction protein mRNA expression, whereas ApoB100 increased endothelial barrier. In DCs, ApoB100 and E. coli LPS decreased IL‐10 mRNA expression. In HUVECs co‐cultured with DCs treated with LPS and subsequently pulsed with ApoB100 or 7‐kCH, IL‐10 mRNA expression was lower. E. coli LPS‐exposed DCs diminished the protective effect of ApoB100 on endothelial integrity and led to the decrease in occludin mRNA expression. LPS potentially derived from gut microflora may destabilize endothelial barrier together with oxidized cholesterol and intensify the immunogenicity of ApoB100.