Soybean oil and coconut oil enhance the absorption of chlorogenic acid in humans.

Abstract

The effect of a mainly polyunsaturated oil (soybean oil) and a mainly medium chain triglyceride oil (coconut oil) on the absorption of the phenolic antioxidant chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid) was investigated using 90 healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations and the absorbed percentages of chlorogenic acid of volunteers who received chlorogenic acid without oils (0.006\xa0±\xa00.001\xa0mg/ml, 5.7\xa0±\xa00.2%), chlorogenic acid with soybean oil (0.012\xa0±\xa00.001\xa0mg/ml, 11.8\xa0±\xa01.3%), and chlorogenic acid with coconut oil (0.067\xa0±\xa00.014\xa0mg/ml, 65.6\xa0±\xa018.1%) were significantly different from each other (p\xa0<\xa0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between the increase in serum and plasma antioxidant capacity and the absorption of chlorogenic acid. The major fatty acid of each of soybean oil and coconut oil also improved the permeability of chlorogenic acid in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The results suggest that the tested edible oils may improve the nutritional value of chlorogenic acid-containing foods by improving the absorption of chlorogenic acid. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Small polar antioxidants such as phenolic acids and flavonoids are poorly absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Chlorogenic acid was used in the present study as a model for small polar phenolic antioxidants. According to the present study, soybean oil with mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids and coconut oil with mainly medium chain fatty acids improve the absorption of these antioxidants. These findings suggest that proper planning of diets or food supplements containing phenolic antioxidants with medium chain or polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich edible oils may enhance the nutritional benefits expected from phenolic antioxidants.