Effect of steroid hormone receptor gene variants PROGINS (Alu insertion) and PGR C/T (rs1042839) as a risk factor for recurrent pregnancy loss in Kashmiri population (North India).

Abstract

AIM\nTo unveil and evaluate the association and analyze the incidence and pattern of PGR gene polymorphisms (PROGINS insertion and PGR exon 5-C/T polymorphism) in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) couples of Kashmir.\n\n\nMETHODS\nIn this study, analyses of PGR gene polymorphisms in RPL couples were genotyped by amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.\n\n\nRESULTS\nMolecular analysis of PGR gene polymorphisms indicated that the genotypic and allelic frequencies of PROGINS insertion and PGR exon 5 C/T polymorphisms of female group in cases and controls to be significantly different and poses risk in predisposition to RPL. Moreover, haplotype analysis in female group revealed that P1P2/CC and P1P2/CT genotype are significantly associated with RPL.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nOur data indicate that the PROGINS insertion and exon 5-C/T polymorphism can act as useful genetic markers in the female group, but needs to be replicated in further studies including various other single nucleotide polymorphisms of PGR gene relevant to pregnancy loss which may contribute to novel therapeutic targets with improved conclusions.