Sensorimotor tongue evaluation and rehabilitation in patients with sleep-disordered breathing: a novel approach.

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES\nTo evaluate tone, apraxia, and stereognosis dysfunctions in patients with SDB compared with healthy controls, and to monitor the effectiveness of Airway Gym® as an easy-to-use Myofunctional Therapy (MT) modality in terms of the tongue s motor and sensory responses, comparing results before and after therapy.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThis was a prospective, non-randomized pilot study of 25 patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS), 25 patients with primary snoring (PS), and 20 healthy controls.Qualitative and quantitative instruments-Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI), lingual apraxia, and stereognosis tests were used to assess tongue sensorimotor function.\n\n\nRESULTS\n22 patients with PS, 21 with OSAHS, and all 20 controls ended the therapy. In OSAHS, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale score decreased from 16±7.3 to 12±4.5 after therapy (p=0.53). In PS and OSAHS groups, the IOPI scores increased significantly. These measures did not change significantly in the controls. Lingual apraxia testing showed that controls performed all the manoeuvres, whereas PS 5.6±1.4 and OSAHS 4.5±1.9 (p=0.14). In the stereognosis test, the mean number of figures recognized was 2.6±2.2 in OSAHS, 3.3±1.2 in PS, and 5.7±0.9 in control group (p<0.05). Patients with OSAHS recognized circles and ovals less often.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nUsing the Airway Gym® app produced improvements in sensorimotor tongue function in patients with SDB, due to, continuous stimulation of the brain based on proprioceptive training required to localize responses when doing the exercises.