What are the most common restraint techniques taught by expert practitioners?

Abstract

INTRODUCTION\nDespite widespread use of restraint techniques, it is unclear what techniques are taught.\n\n\nAIM\nTo identify the types of techniques commonly taught METHOD: A national online survey was developed through iteration and stakeholder involvement. Ethical approval was obtained and it was disseminated through the Positive & Safe network, and the Restraint Reduction Network Community of Practice where expert practitioners answered questions relating to 20 randomly selected used physical Holds .\n\n\nRESULTS\n172 people completed the survey. The most commonly taught techniques were a Guiding Posture (71%), a Guiding Hold (44%), a Two-Handed Forearm Hold (36%), a Finger, Thumb & Wrist Hold (27%) and a Cupped/ Capped Fist Hold (26%). The Guiding Posture (71%), and Guiding Hold were used most commonly across populations. Despite the potential to induce pain, the Finger, Thumb and Wrist Hold was deemed suitable for Adult populations, but not Older Adults, Young Persons and Children. Wrap-Type Holds were seen as unsuitable for all populations.\n\n\nDISCUSSION\nThere is currently high variation in which techniques are taught across different settings. An evaluation framework could be beneficial.\n\n\nIMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE\nAn evaluation framework could aid training commissioners, providers and practitioner reflect on what constitutes a good restraint technique.