When children refuse their anesthetic—restrain, deceive, or postpone?

Abstract

2Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 3Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA 4Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA 5Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, School of Medicine, University of CaliforniaIrvine, Orange, CA, USA 6Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA