Deep learning based UAV type classification

Abstract

To address safety issues caused by the increase availability and application of UAVs, automated detection systems are required. While such systems typically rely on a variety of sensor modalities, EO sensors are often a key modality. This is due to their comparatively low cost and direct intepretability by human operators. Besides automated detection of UAVs in EO imagery, classification of a UAV’s type is an important task to assess the degree of potential safety risk. While the applicability of deep learning based UAV detection in EO imagery has already been demonstrated, this work is the first to examine the potential of deep learning based UAV type classification in EO imagery. We evaluate multiple deep learning based detectors trained to classify UAV types as well as a cascade of an initial detector followed by a separate classifier. Our evaluation is carried out on publicly available data, supplemented by a few self-recorded sequences, and focuses on aspects like class balancing, UAV size, image scale and classification backbone architectures. We further analyse a class confusion matrix to better understand occurring classification errors.