Physics of Metals and Metallography | 2021
Cold-Resistant Steels: Structure, Properties, and Technologies
Abstract
Abstract The domestic achievements and research results in the field of the creation of low-carbon, cold-resistant, weldable steels supplied in the form of sheet metal for the shipbuilding industry—in particular, for use in the construction of icebreaker hulls, tankers, gas carriers, ice navigation vessels, and offshore stationary platforms—are reviewed. The requirements of the Russian Maritime Shipping Register for the chemical composition, assortment, and mechanical properties of cold-resistant, structural, low-carbon steels, their certification, and the current state of affairs in the development of cold-resistant steels in Russia and abroad are presented. The features and principles of the alloying and microalloying of low-carbon, cold-resistant, weldable steels of various strengths in the range from 315 to 960 MPa and the mechanisms to harden and enhance resistance to brittle fracture at low temperatures are reviewed. The requirements and technological methods for the formation of a steel structure providing the required cold resistance are formulated, the features of the cold-resistant steel structure are described in detail, and recommendations are formulated for further improvement of the properties and quality of cold-resistant steels.