Simultaneous Concentration and Determination of Cadmium and Lead Ions Using in Situ Solvent Formation Microextraction Method Based on Functionalized Ionic Liquid

Abstract

A green, simple, sensitive, rapid and low cost in-situ solvent formation microextraction technique derived from liquid−liquid microextraction method based on the use of green solvent such as functionalized ionic liquids was described. In this method, two metal ions in the aqueous phase were simultaneously extracted to the organic phase (or functionalized ionic liquid). Here, at the beginning of the microextraction process, the functionalized ionic liquid (FIL) firstly was miscible in the aqueous phase for complex formation with ions with the highest possible yield, and after changing its properties, FIL was converted to the immiscible FIL and separated from the aqueous phase. To obtain optimum extraction conditions, main analytical parameters including the limit of detection, relative standard deviation, linear dynamic range and enhancement factor were investigated. Finally, the ability of the method to analyze some real water and saline samples was tested, and good results were obtained.