Physicomechanical Properties of Composites Based on Various Types of Polyethylene and Aluminum

Abstract

Abstract The paper presents the results of a study of the effect of aluminum content on the physicomechanical properties of composites based on high-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene. The properties of metal-filled composites, such as ultimate tensile stress, elongation at break, elastic modulus, melt flow rate, and heat resistance, were studied. According to the data obtained, the loading of aluminum into the composition of low density polyethylene contributes to a monotonic increase in the ultimate tensile stress and the elastic modulus. When aluminum is loaded into the composition of high density polyethylene, on the contrary, a natural decrease in the ultimate tensile stress and elongation at break of the composites is observed. It is shown that, when using a compatibilizer, which is polyethylene modified with maleic anhydride, a significant increase in the ultimate tensile stress of high-density polyethylene composites is observed. A schematic representation of the structure of composites with an interpretation of the probable mechanism of hardening of the material in the presence of a compatibilizer is given. It is shown that the crystallinity of the initial polyethylene has a significant effect on the hardening effect of composites. Electron microscopic micrographs of the structure of a filled composite without and with compatibilizer are given. A comparative assessment shows that, in the presence of a compatibilizer, aluminum particles are in the bulk of the polymer matrix, i.e., are not in an isolated state. It is assumed that HDPE macrochains free of maleic anhydride (MA) are involved in the formation of crystalline formations, and small sections of macrosegments containing polar groups of MA are concentrated mainly in amorphous regions and in defects in crystalline structures in the form of passage chains. The concentration of PEMA macrosegments containing MA in the narrow amorphous space of HDPE favorably affects the increase in the adhesive forces of interaction on the surface of aluminum particles, which affects the preservation of the ultimate tensile stress at a relatively high level over a wide range of aluminum concentrations.