P290\u2005Possibilities of genetic research in the prevention of the development of excess mass of the body and obesity in children

Abstract

Relevance Conducting genetic research in pediatric practice can help to create personalized dietary and therapeutic recommendations, as well as the implementation of appropriate physical activity. Objective To determine the presence of polymorphisms of genes that contribute to the development of excess fat mass, increase the speed of carbohydrate absorption in patients with overweight and obesity to create further personalized recommendations on diet therapy and physical activity. Patients and methods Surveyed 9 children (3 boys and 6 girls) aged from 6 to 10 years. Anamnesis was collected, an objective examination of patients, a biochemical examination of blood (lipidogram , fasting glucose), and a hormonal examination (insulin, TSH) were performed. All children underwent genetic screening based on DNA analysis (material - buccal epithelium) with the definition of gene polymorphisms: the FABP2 gene, which regulates the rate of fat absorption; PPARG gene, affecting the growth rate of fat cells; gene ADRB2, affecting the rate of carbohydrate consumption in the blood during exercise; The TCF7L2 gene, which regulates insulin secretion rate when glucose is released. Results 4 patients were overweight, grade 1 obesity - 2; 2 degrees - 2; Grade 3 obesity - 1 child. In all nine patients, unfavorable gene polymorphisms were found, contributing to impaired fat metabolism. In 5 children, according to DNA analysis, a reduced rate of consumption of carbohydrate reserves in response to an increase in the level of adrenaline in the blood was noted. 4 children showed a genetic predisposition to a decrease in the rate of insulin secretion in response to glucose intake. In a 3rd degree obese patient, all the studied gene polymorphisms that adversely affect carbohydrate and fat metabolism were found. Conclusion All patients showed a genetic predisposition to impaired metabolism of fats and/or carbohydrates. Grade 3 obesity is associated with all modifications of genes that adversely affect both carbohydrate and fat metabolism, and the effectiveness of physical activity. The presence in patients with obesity and overweight polymorphisms of genes that adversely affect carbohydrate and fat metabolism, dictates the need to organize a special personalized approach to diet therapy and exercise.