A Rare Culprit of Infective Endocarditis in an IV Drug User: Burkholderia cepacia

Abstract

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infection of the cardiac native or prosthetic valves typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus, viridans streptococci group, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Risk factors include congenital heart disease, structural and valvular heart disease, implantation of prosthetic heart valves, and intravenous (IV) drug abuse. IE caused by organisms such as Burkholderia cepacia is rarely seen. We herein present a case of a patient with a history of IV drug abuse previously treated for Staphylococcus aureus IE with newly diagnosed IE secondary to B. cepacia. He was taken to the operating room for mitral valve replacement after an echocardiogram revealed severe mitral regurgitation. He was successfully treated with antibiotics. After 2\u2009months, at follow-up, the patient remained free from mechanical valve-related events, had no new occurrences of fever, and had no other symptoms of infection. He reported good exercise tolerance.