Water Policy for Sustainable Management: A Review

Abstract

Water is a fundamental need for life and societal growth. It is essential to meet personal and household needs, as well as for energy and industrial development, as well as to preserve critical water-dependent habitats and ecological services. Demand for the world s highly limited water supply is quickly growing, posing a threat to global food security and limiting its availability for food production. This research review addresses the increasing of global water use per year, global water policy for sustainable management, challenges, traits and opportunities with the objective of determining the best practice of water policy for the future generation. The world population increased from 2.77 billion to 7.794 billion since 1955 till end of 2020 with the growth rate of 1.88% to 1.05% respectively. The World Gross domestic product from 1960-2019 increased from 1.36 $ trillion to 87.67 $ trillion. Due to increasing population, economic development and climate change the global freshwater use since 1900 by broad regional groupings indicate that: OECD nations (Organizations for Economic Cooperation and Development) uses approximately 20-25%, BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) use the largest share at approximately 45% and the Rest of the World nations (ROW) use at 30-33%. Thus, to achieve sustainable water management, best water policy should provide a multi-disciplinary and comprehensive approach that addresses scientific, environmental, economic, landscape aesthetics, societal, and cultural issues.