Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR FT-IR) Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Deuterium in Plasma: Application to Total Body Water Determination in Humans and Other Animals

Abstract

Conventional methods for measuring the concentration of deuterium in body fluids are by either isotope ratio mass spectrometry or Fourier transform infrared transmission (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The latter method is often preferred as it is less expensive and time consuming; however, having a lower sensitivity means a larger sample volume is required. This study investigated an alternative FT-IR spectroscopic method, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), which has the potential to provide shorter analysis times while requiring smaller sample volumes. Deuterium was assayed using ATR FT-IR in plasma in the concentration range 0.5 to 2.5\u2009mg\u2009mL−1, typical of those observed in tracer dilution measurements of total body water. Minimal sample preparation was required and analysis time was substantially decreased compared to transmission FT-IR. Samples were analyzed with high precision (coefficient of variation (CV)\u2009<\u20090.5%). Precision of assay was maintained when assaying plasma volumes of only 10\u2009µL. The application of the method to the determination of total body water in humans and animals (horses) was demonstrated. A rapid and simple method for the measurement of deuterium in plasma is described that only requires very small sample volumes, rendering the method suitable for use in pediatrics where blood sampling is required to be kept to a minimum. Graphical Abstract