Clinical predictors of driving simulator performance in drivers with multiple sclerosis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nDrivers with multiple sclerosis (MS) may experience visual-cognitive impairment that affects their fitness to drive. Due to limitations associated with the on-road assessment, an alternative assessment that measures driving performance is warranted. Whether clinical indicators of on-road outcomes can also predict driving performance outcomes on a driving simulator are not fully understood.\n\n\nOBJECTIVE\nThis study examined if deficits in immediate verbal/auditory recall (California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition; CVLT2-IR) and/or slower divided attention (Useful Field of View™; UFOV2) predicted deficits in operational, tactical, or strategic maneuvers assessed on a driving simulator, in drivers with and without MS.\n\n\nMETHODS\nParticipants completed the CVLT2-IR, UFOV2, and a driving simulator assessment of operational, tactical, and strategic maneuvers.\n\n\nRESULTS\nDeficits in immediate verbal/auditory recall and slower divided attention predicted adjustment to stimuli errors, pertaining to tactical maneuvers only, in 36 drivers with MS (vs 20 drivers without MS; F(3, 51)\u2009=\u20096.1, p\u2009=\u20090.001, R2\u2009=\u20090.3, Radj2=0.2).\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nThe CVLT2-IR and UFOV2 capture the visual and verbal/auditory recall, processing speed, and divided attention required to appropriately adjust to stimuli in a simulated driving environment. Clinicians may use the CVLT2-IR and UFOV2 as precursors to driving performance deficits in drivers with MS.