Prognostic factors in cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2: a Latin American country results

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical and pathological factors, and the outcome of cancer and COVID-19 patients in Mexico. A prospective, multicentric study was performed through a digital platform to have a national registry of patients with cancer and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results through reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). We performed the analysis through a multivariate logistic regression model and Cox proportional hazard model. From May to December 2020, 599 patients were registered with an average age of 56\u2009years with 59.3% female; 27.2% had hypertension. The most frequent diagnoses were breast cancer (30.4%), lymphoma (14.7%), and colorectal cancer (14.0%); 72.1% of patients had active cancer and 23.5% of patients (141/599) were deceased, the majority of which were men (51.7%). This study found that the prognostic factors that reduced the odds of death were gender (OR\u2009=\u20090.42, p\u2009=\u20090.031) and oxygen saturation (OR\u2009=\u20090.90, p\u2009=\u20090.0001); meanwhile, poor ECOG (OR\u2009=\u20095.4, p\u2009=\u20090.0001), active disease (OR\u2009=\u20093.9, p\u2009=\u20090.041), dyspnea (OR\u2009=\u20092.5, p\u2009=\u20090.027), and nausea (OR\u2009=\u20094.0, p\u2009=\u20090.028) increased the odds of death. In the meantime, the factors that reduce survival time were age (HR\u2009=\u20091.36, p\u2009=\u20090.035), COPD (HR\u2009=\u20098.30, p\u2009=\u20090.004), having palliative treatment (HR\u2009=\u200910.70, p\u2009=\u20090.002), and active cancer without treatment (HR\u2009=\u20098.68, p\u2009=\u20090.008). Mortality in cancer patients with COVID-19 is determined by prognostic factors whose identification is necessary. In our cancer population, we have observed that being female, younger, non-COPD, with non-active cancer, good performance status, and high oxygen levels reduce the probability of death.