[Advanced progress in classic genomic and non-genomic regulating mechanism mediated by retinoic acids in anti-cancer treatments].

Abstract

Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, exerts multiple effects on regulating embryonic development and inducing differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis as well as resistance in various cancer cells. Apart from the classic genomic action (binding to the nuclear receptors to regulate the expression of its downstream target genes), retinoic acids also play important roles in anti-cancer effect through non-genomic pathways (via extranuclear and non-transcriptional effects).