Comparison of neuromuscular blockade recovery co-administered with neostigmine and different doses of calcium gluconate: a randomized control trial

Abstract

Background Calcium increases the probability of transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. It is not known whether there is a dose-dependent relationship between the dosage of calcium gluconate and the probability of transmitter release for non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade (NMB) recovery by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs). This study compared the neuromuscular recovery time and the incidence of postoperative residual curarization (PORC) according to the dosage of calcium gluconate co-administered with neostigmine in three patient groups. Methods Patients were randomly allocated to a control group, a 5\u2009mg/kg calcium gluconate group (calcium 5 group), or a 10\u2009mg/kg calcium gluconate group (calcium 10 group). In patients with a TOF ratio (TOFr) between 0.2–0.7, 0.04\u2009mg/kg of neostigmine was administered and both 0.2\u2009mg of glycopyrrolate and 0.4\u2009mg of atropine per 1\u2009mg of neostigmine were administered. And additional 5 or 10\u2009mg/kg of calcium gluconate were administrated to the calcium 5 and 10 groups. The primary endpoint was neuromuscular recovery time (the time between reversal and TOFr≥0.9). The secondary endpoints were the incidence of PORC at 5, 10, and 20\u2009min after reversal administration and the train-of-four ratio (TOFr) at each time point. Results The neuromuscular recovery time was 5.3\u2009min in the control group, 3.9\u2009min in the calcium 5 group, and 4.1\u2009min in the calcium 10 group, respectively ( P \u2009=\u20090.004). The incidence of PORC at 5\u2009min after neostigmine administration was 12 in the control group, 4 in the calcium 5 group, and 4 in the calcium 10 group, respectively, with statistical significance ( P \u2009=\u20090.014). Conclusions The co-administration of calcium gluconate with neostigmine safely promoted early NMB recovery, and the neuromuscular recovery time of the calcium 10 group tended to be more evenly distributed than that of the calcium 5 group. Trial registration https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/index.jsp(KCT0004182 ). Date of registration: August 122,019.