Effect of yerba mate and green tea on paraoxonase and leptin levels in patients affected by overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

BackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of the intake of yerba mate (YM) and green tea (GT) on serum levels of leptin and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), compared to control.MethodsControlled, randomized clinical trial (RCT) that evaluated 142 men and women affected by overweight or obesity aged 35–60\u2009years, untreated dyslipidemia and no history of coronary artery disease. Participants were randomized to ingest 1000\u2009mL GT, YM or apple tea (AT, control group) daily, during eight weeks. Serum PON-1 and leptin levels were analyzed by ELISA immunoassay at the beginning (baseline) and after eight weeks of intervention.ResultsThe intake of 1\u2009l of YM/day resulted in significant increase in serum levels of PON-1 (9.7%; p\u2009=\u20090.005). The consumption of GT induced no significant difference in the levels of PON-1 (p\u2009=\u20090.154) and leptin (p\u2009=\u20090.783). Intergroup analysis showed a significant difference (p\u2009=\u20090.036) in the variation of PON-1 levels in the YM group when compared to GT and AT groups. In addition, the increase in PON-1 levels in the YM group was significantly associated with increased HDL-c (p\u2009=\u20090.004).ConclusionsThe intake of yerba mate increased the antioxidant capacity by increasing serum levels of PON-1 and was positively associated with increased HDL-c, stressing the protective role of this beverage against atherosclerotic diseases. GT intake had no significant effect on serum levels of PON-1 and leptin.Trial registrationThis study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under protocol number NCT00933647.