Pathological findings in rotation thromboelastometry associated with thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients

Abstract

Background Severe thromboembolic events are one of the major complications associated with COVID-19\xa0infection, especially among critically ill patients. We analysed ROTEM measurements in COVID-19 patients with a severe disease course and in patients with severe sepsis. Methods In this study, data obtained by extended analysis of haemostasis with standard laboratory tests and thromboelastometry of 20 patients with severe course of COVID-19 were retrospectively analysed and compared with similar data from 20 patients with severe sepsis but no COVID-19. Results The thromboelastometry values obtained from 20 sepsis patients contained a maximum clot firmness above the normal range but among COVID-19 patients, hypercoagulability was much more pronounced, with significantly higher maximum clot firmness (FIBTEM: 38.4\u2009±\u200910.1 mm vs. 29.6\u2009±\u200910.8 mm;\xa0 P \xa0\u2009=\u20090.012; EXTEM: 70.4\u2009±\u200910.4 mm vs. 60.6\u2009±\u200914.8 mm;\xa0 P \xa0\u2009=\u20090.022). Additionally, fibrinogen levels were significantly higher among COVID-19 patients (757\u2009±\u2009135\xa0mg/dl vs. 498\u2009±\u2009132\xa0mg/dl,\xa0 P \u2009<\u20090.0001). Furthermore, thromboelastometry showed fibrinolysis shutdown among COVID-19 patients with significantly lower maximum of lysis than among sepsis patients (EXTEM: 0.6\u2009±\u20091.2\u2009% vs. 3.3\u2009±\u20093.7\u2009%;\xa0 P \xa0\u2009=\u20090.013). Seven of 20 COVID-19 patients experienced thromboembolic events, whereas no patient in the sepsis group experienced such events. Conclusions ROTEM analysis showed significantly different pathological findings characterized by hypercoagulability and fibrinolysis shutdown among COVID-19 patients with a severe disease course compared to patients with severe sepsis. These abnormalities seem to be associated with thromboembolic events.