High-dose lenalidomide and melphalan as conditioning for autologous stem cell transplantation in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

Abstract

8021 Background: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains a standard of care of eligible patients with multiple myeloma, despite the many novel therapies introduced over the past decade. High dose melphalan (HDM) is the only approved regimen to date. Lenalidomide (LEN) is an oral immunomodulatory drug which has become the backbone of myeloma therapy from induction through salvage and maintenance. Early studies noted a dose response relationship, and found myelosuppression to be the dose limiting toxicity. We previously reported on our phase 1 study of high dose lenalidomide (HDLEN) with HDM in conditioning for ASCT, where no DLT was noted up to 350mg PO daily of LEN. Here we report the phase 2 data of patients undergoing ASCT with combination conditioning regimen. Methods: 50 patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) underwent ASCT using HDLEN+HDM conditioning. HDLEN was dosed at 350mg PO daily from day -5 to day -1 and HDM was dosed 100mg/m2 on days -2 and -1. TPatients were heavily pre-treated: 32% had prior HDM-ASCT, 96% had received prior lenalidomide, and 42% prior pomalidomide; 40% prior anti-CD38 mAB. Of note, 68% entered the study with progressive disease at time of enrollment. Results: Overall response rate was 96%, with 80% being ≥VGPR. Median progression free survival (PFS) was noted at 14.3 months, while overall survival (OS) was 68.2 months. PFS was similar when patients were stratified by prior ASCT, depth of response at enrollment, or presence of high risk FISH. Toxicities were mostly hematologic (100% neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, 90% anemia), GI (88% diarrhea, 72% nausea, 42% vomiting) and metabolic (30-96% derangement in electrolytes), and similar to historical controls receiving HDM alone. Second malignancies were noted in 2 patients. Conclusions: HDLEN/HDM is a well tolerated and effective conditioning regimen for ASCT in patients with RRMM. This regimen merits further investigation as ASCT is likely to remain an integral part of the treatment of RRMM patients, yet few advancements have been made to this modality. HDLEN may be particularly useful in patients with high risk disease and those progressing after multiple lines of therapy. HDLEN added little toxicity to HDM and SPMs were not more frequent than expected per SEER database for patients in this age range. Clinical trial information: NCT01054196. [Table: see text]