Low-Dose Prednisone Therapy is Efficacious in Treating Painful Subacute Thyroiditis

Abstract

Abstract Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) usually presents with neck pain, radiating to ears and is often associated with hyperthyroidism. Currently the available treatment involves administration of NSAID or in more symptomatic patients prednisone 40mg daily tapered over 6 weeks or longer. We report successful treatment of 3 patients (Pts) with SAT with low-dose prednisone therapy (20mg/day) (LDP20) initially and tapered over 4 weeks. Patient 1: A 32-year-old female presented with severe neck pain radiating to both ears and low- grade fever of 2-weeks duration. Two weeks prior, patient had cold-like symptoms lasting for 3 days. Physical examination: HR 110bpm, tremors of fingers noted, tenderness of the anterior neck present, thyroid 30-gms in size. Labs: ESR 92 mm/hr, CRP 3.2 mg/dL, TSH <0.005 uIU/mL, free T4 2.71 ng/dL, total T3 168 ng/mL. Thyroid scan and uptake showed a 24-hrs uptake <1%, thyroid gland not visualized, consistent with SAT. Patient was treated with atenolol and LDP20 tapered over 4 weeks. Pain significantly improved after 2 days of treatment. Six weeks later TSH was 0.9 uIU/mL with a free T4 1.4 ng/dL and ESR 8 mm/hr. Patient 2: A 19-year-old female presented with left-ear pain, anterior neck pain, fever, and extreme fatigue. PE: HR 111bpm, heat shield present, tender-to-palpation thyroid, brisk DTR. Lab: CBC normal, ESR 98 mm/hr, CRP 9.9 mg/dL, TSH <0.01 uIU/mL, free T4 3.8 ng/dL, total T3 210 ng/mL. Thyroid scan and uptake: uptake <1%, no thyroid gland visualized and SAT was diagnosed. Patient was started on LDP20 and atenolol. Four days following prednisone therapy her symptoms completely resolved and prednisone was tapered off over 4 weeks. Thyroid functions were normal by the seventh week. Patient 3: A 38-year-old male presented with fever, fatigue, severe neck pain, palpitation and a weight loss of 8 pounds. PE: HR 120 bpm, thyroid severely tender on palpation, brisk DTR. Lab: normal CBC, ESR 128 mm/hr, CRP 11.9 mg/dL, TSH <0.001 uIU/mL, free T4 4.2 ng/dL, total T3 201 ng/mL. Thyroid scan: thyroid gland not visualized and uptake was < 1%. SAT was diagnosed and patient was treated with propranolol and LDP20. After 5 days the dose of prednisone was reduced to 15mg/day and the prednisone was tapered over five weeks. Patient had resolution of symptoms in 70 hours and remained asymptomatic for the next 12 months of follow-up. Thyroid function normalized by the eighth week. Conclusion: SAT is a painful disabling thyroid disorder apparently caused by a viral infection; and NSAID or high-dose steroid treatment remains the standard of care. We have treated 3 Pts with relatively lower doses of prednisone than previously recommended and attained remission successfully. Thus side effects can be avoided with lower prednisone dose.