Perioperative Neurocognitive Screening Tools for At-Risk Surgical Patients

Abstract

Perioperative neurocognitive disorders are common following surgery and have serious socioeconomic impacts. Despite this, these disorders remain under recognized and underdiagnosed. To facilitate detection and direct patients towards appropriate preventative interventions, assessment of cognition during the perioperative period is of critical importance. However, there are considerable barriers to the widespread clinical implementation of cognitive assessments, including a lack of consensus regarding the optimal tool for use in specific clinical scenarios.We provide an overview of the most widely used and validated cognitive assessment tools, including those that permit telemedicine-enabled patient encounters.No single tool is optimal for all contexts. This narrative review can help clinicians to identify the appropriate cognitive screening tool for their needs by describing the advantages and disadvantages of several available tools, thereby enabling the identification of patients at risk of cognitive decline and facilitating optimization of patient-focused perioperative care.