Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: Long-Term Complications After Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

Abstract

Background Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare intra-abdominal soft tissue sarcoma affecting adolescents and young adults. Cytoreduction, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC), and adjuvant radiotherapy may improve local control. We review our experience with patients who undergo CRS/HIPEC and adjuvant radiotherapy for DSRCT. Methods A retrospective review was performed for patients with DSRCT from 2013 to 2017 who underwent CRS/HIPEC. Clinicopathologic, operative, and outcome data were reviewed. Results Ten CRS/HIPEC procedures were performed for nine patients (7 males, 6 Caucasian, median age 19\xa0years (range 10–24)). Four patients presented with extra-abdominal disease; five had liver involvement. The median peritoneal cancer index was 16 (range 5–20). All received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CCR 0/1 resection was possible in nine patients. Major complications occurred in four with no operative mortalities. All received adjuvant chemotherapy, seven received radiation therapy, and three received stem-cell transplant. All but one patient recurred after treatment. The median recurrence-free and overall survival (OS) were 12 and 45\xa0months (95% confidence interval 35.1–54.9) respectively, with a 3-year OS of 55%. Long-term parenteral nutrition was required in eight for a median of 261\xa0days (range 37–997). Clinically significant long-term complications requiring further surgery included gastroparesis ( N \u2009=\u20091), small bowel obstruction ( N \u2009=\u20093) and hemorrhagic cystitis ( N \u2009=\u20092). Conclusions Multimodal therapy for DSRCT consisting of multiagent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, CRS/HIPEC, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy is associated with potential cumulative toxicity. Recurrence after resection is common. Prolonged parenteral nutrition may be necessary, and late gastrointestinal and genitourinary complications may require additional treatment.