Keep your droplets to yourself: Universal use of face masks along with social distancing

Abstract

Introduction: As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses around the world, the universal use of face masks imposes itself as a measure to mitigate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and is currently recommended by the World Health Organization. However, its effectiveness as a method of preventing COVID- 19 is still controversial. Objective: To review the literature on the universal use of facial masks, including fabric ones, and their recommendations for use. Methods: Narrative review of published studies on the topic. Results: Face masks act predominantly as a source control mechanism, as they capture the droplets expelled by the user when speaking, coughing or sneezing, protecting other people and the environment from contamination by potentially infecting droplets. Evidence of the effectiveness of its universal use as a method of mitigating epidemics of viral respiratory infections is derived from experimental studies and mathematical models. Proper use of facial masks is essential to ensure their effectiveness and prevent damage, and includes covering the nose, mouth and chin, washing the fabric masks with soap and water after use and hand hygiene several times a day, especially when handling the mask. Conclusions: The universal use of facial masks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is justified, especially considering the occurrence of virus transmission in the pre-symptomatic period, and should be adopted in conjunction with other measures such as adequate social distance and hygiene from the hands, following the motto “I protect you and you protect me”.