Efficacy of Antibiotic-Loaded Cement Augmentation for Correcting Low Grade Pedicle Screw Loosening

Abstract

Objective Altered biomechanics and bone fragility can contribute to pedicle screw loosening. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic-loaded cement augmentation for correcting symptomatic screw loosening as a minimally invasive alternative to open revision surgery. Methods Ten consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous cement augmentation for pedicle screw loosening were included in this study. Low grade pedicle screw loosening was deemed clinically relevant in cases of continuous back pain with significant radiolucent halo zones at a vertebral level without screw backing out or stripping. We analyzed the screw loosening at the main location of halo formation. All patients were treated by fluoroscopy-guided antibiotic-loaded cement augmentation of the loosened pedicle screws. Patient demographics and pre- and postoperative data were also assembled and analyzed. Results Most (80%) halo formation locations were the inferior type. Augmentation was technically feasible in all but one patient, in whom the procedure was unsuccessful due to access difficulty. This patient ultimately underwent percutaneous screw re-implantation via a different trajectory. The other nine patients in whom cement filling was satisfactory reported significant pain relief at the final follow-up. Moreover, no severe complications such as wound infection or repeated screw loosening occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusion The most common halo formation location was the inferior type. In cases without access difficulty, antibiotic-loaded cement augmentation for the treatment of low grade pedicle screw loosening can relieve pain and avoid extensive open surgery.