Systematic Review of Efficacy and Safety of Silodosin in Medical Expulsive Therapy for the Management of Ureteral Stones – Based on Indian Evidences

Abstract

Introduction: Urolithiasis is quite a common disorder affecting around two million people in India every year. Minimally invasive therapies are effective treatment measures in most of the cases. However, a watchful waiting approach with pharmacotherapy promotes the expulsion of stones in a shorter time. We hereby review the efficacy and safety of silodosin, a selective α-1A adrenoceptor antagonist, in medical expulsive therapy for the management of urolithiasis based on the evidences in Indian population. Methods: Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) keywords which were used to systematically search electronic databases: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar from their inception to February 2020 were “Silodosin”, “Ureteral calculi”, “Medical expulsive therapy”, “India”, “randomised controlled trials” and “prospective observational studies”. A total of 29 relevant studies could be found and were included in our analysis. Results: The primary outcomes considered were the stone expulsion rate (SER) and stone expulsion time (SET) along with pain episodes and safety outcomes like orthostatic hypotension and retrograde ejaculation. Eight studies with a total of 1064 patients were identified as evidences considering Indian population which compared silodosin with controls like tamsulosin or tadalafil. Conclusions: Silodosin is highly effective in Indian population for increasing stone expulsion for those with ureteral stones (distal ureteral stones with diameter ≥5 mm and ≤10 mm) with shorter expulsion times along with fewer episodes of pain. It is also effective in post-lithotripsy for accentuating clearance rate and curtailing time to passage of the stones.