A Validated SPE-UPLC-DAD Method for Quantification of Parabens in Industrial Waste\nEffluent Water Samples by Using Activated Carbon Nanofiber Modified Filter Paper

Abstract

The present work describes a sensitive, simple, cost-effective and fast analytical procedure to detect\nthe parabens in industrial waste effluent water samples using novel activated carbon nanofiber (CNF)\nmodified filter paper based solid phase extraction technique coupled with liquid chromatography with\nphotodiode array detector (UPLC-PDA). The carbon nanofiber coated filter paper was used as an\nadsorbent and also characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed\nsuperior porous structure. Various factors effecting the adsorption and desorption process were studied.\nThe optimum parameters which improve the efficiency are paper length 1 cm × 2 cm, adsorption time\n15 min, eluent methanol, eluent volume 5 mL, sample pH 7, desorption time 2 min, 2% salt addition\nand 300 rpm stirring rate respectively. The parabens exhibited superior linearity ranging from 0.1-50\nng mL-1. The regression coefficient (R2) value ranging from 0.9981-0.9989. This method exhibited\ngood sensitivity with the quantification limit (LOQ) between 0.5-0.75 ng mL-1 and detection limit\n(LOD) over the range of 0.1-0.25 ng mL-1. The precision was expressed from the RSDs values from\n0.74-0.97 %. The spiked analytes revealed excellent recoveries in the range of 95.30-116.72 % with\nRSD less than 5.72 % for all the water samples also applied for real samples.