International journal of scientific and engineering research | 2019
Design and Comparison of Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Solar Photovoltaic powered Base Transceiver Stations and ATMs
Abstract
Energy being the very crucial issue in today’s world is transforming its shape from the non-renewable sources to various renewable sources because of the two major repercussions using non-renewable sources – one is the deterioration of the environment due to combustion of the fossil fuels causing threats not only to abiotic components but to biotic components also of the ecosystem and the second is that these non-renewable resources are going to be consumed up soon. So, it demands to look for the clean and perennial energy source. There are many renewable sources such as solar, wind, tidal, wave etc., this paper discusses the application of hydrogen fuel cell and solar photovoltaic (PV) in powering the base transceiver stations (BTS) and ATMs. The paper presents the design analysis of the fuel cell and solar PV system in powering BTS and ATM. Finally the paper compares these two renewable methods of power generation in terms of cost, reliability and effectiveness. Index terms – Automated Teller Machine (ATM), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), On-field generation, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), Solar photovoltaic (PV). —————————— \uf075 —————————— NOMENCLATURE T Temperature (K) R Universal Gas constant (8.314 J/mol K) P Pressure of hydrogen gas (bar) P d Density of hydrogen gas at pressure P (g/L) n No. of moles of hydrogen gas M Molar mass of hydrogen gas (g) υ Volume of hydrogen gas (m3) P Γ Volume Flow rate of hydrogen gas at pressure P (L/min) q Mass flow rate of hydrogen gas (g/h) Q Total consumption of hydrogen gas in a day (g) m Mass of hydrogen gas contained in a 7Nm3 hydrogen cylinder (g) ε Electrical energy supplied by a 7Nm3 hydrogen cylinder (kWh) F N Number of fuel cells in a stack x H t Time for which 7Nm3 hydrogen cylinder will power load x (h) x L Ρ Load of x i.e. either BTS or ATM (kW) x Ε Electrical Energy consumed by BTS or ATM in one day (kWh) V Operating voltage of PEMFC stack or battery \uf068 Cost of one 7Nm3 hydrogen gas cylinder (Rs) R Running cost of power generated by PEMFC (Rs/kWh) B N Number of batteries required in the battery bank c Capacity of a battery (Ah) C Total capacity of battery bank (Ah) DoD Depth of discharge of battery (%) b t Time the battery bank should give backup (h) b E Backup energy provided by the battery (kWh) c t Charging time of the battery bank using solar power (h) S Size of the extra solar panel required to charge the battery bank (kW)