Мікроскопічні дослідження лікарської рослинної сировини деревію блідо-жовтого

Abstract

Achillea millefolium L. is an official plant both in Ukraine and in other countries of Europe and Asia. Plants of the genus Achillea L. are diverse in component composition and contain a complex of biologically active compounds: essential oils, polyphenols, vitamins, carotenoids, polysaccharides, trace elements. Medicines, which include various extracts of yarrow, are used as hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, gastroenteric drugs, used to treat the hepatobiliary system, diabetes, diseases of the paradont. Extracts of yarrow reveal regenerative, cytotoxic, anabolic, antioxidant effects. At the present time, the Achillea L. species, which are growing in Ukraine, are still poorly studied. One of the representatives of the genus Achillea L. is an Achillea ochroleuca Ehrh ., which has the enough raw material base and a similar composition of biologically active substances comparing to the Achillea millefolium L. Therefore, determination of the diagnostic features of Achillea ochroleuca Ehrh . in a comparison with the official medicinal raw material of Achillea millefolium L. is actual for further introduction to modern medical practice. The aim of our research was to determine the diagnostic microscopic feature of the medical plant raw material of Achillea ochroleuca Ehrh . for the plant material identification. Material and methods. Within microscopic study we have used herb of Achillea ochroleuca Ehrh ., picked during flowering period. Fresh plant raw material has been fixed in mixture: glycerin, ethyl alcohol 96 %, purified water (1:1:1). The research has been done with using chloral hydrate according to methods recommended by State Pharmacopeia of Ukraine. Results and discussion. While carrying out microscopic studies of medicinal plant raw material we payed attention to the diagnostic characters of the stem of the plant, to the structure of epidermal cells, availability, number and type of stomata, features for covering and glandular trichomes, leave structure, cells of the epidermis of the wrapper and the petal. Conclusions. The general anatomical signs of Achillea ochroleuca Ehrh . and Achillea millefolium L. are the parenchymal-prozenhymal epidermis of the stem and the leaf structure of isolateral type. Covering and glandular trichomes which are specific for yarrow are presented on the epidermis of stems, leaves, flowers. Stomata apparatus is of anomocyte type. The distinctions for Achillea ochroleuca Ehrh . are expressed in the thickening of the epidermis cells and the parenchyma of the primary cortex. This species is characterized by a greater number of glandular trichomes with dark colored contents. The microscopic features identified during the study reliably identify plant raw materials of a morphologically close species of the genus Achillea L.