Optimized extraction of polyphenols from leaves of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) grown in Lam Dong province, Vietnam, and evaluation of their antioxidant capacity

Abstract

Abstract In the present study, the optimized solvent extraction conditions with regards to the total polyphenol content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of rosemary leaf extract (RLE) were determined. The one-factor-at-a-time method was used to independently investigate the effect of several extraction parameters, including ethanol concentration (0–100% v/v), extraction temperature (50–80°C), extraction period (15–60\u2009min), material–solvent ratio (1:5–1:10\u2009g/mL), and extraction cycles (1, 2, and 3 times) on polyphenol content. Response surface methodology (RSM), in combination with a central composite design, was used to perform optimization. The following optimal conditions that gave maximal TPC were determined and experimentally verified: ethanol concentration of 65% (v/v), extraction temperature of 65°C, material–solvent ratio of 1:7.5\u2009g/mL, extraction time of 15\u2009min, and 2 cycles of extraction. These parameters corresponded with the TPC yield of 87.42 ± 0.25\u2009mg gallic acid equivalent/g dried feed material (mg GAE/g DW). The optimal conditions gave a high extraction yield (337 ± 6\u2009mg dried extract/g dried feed material) with 197.28 ± 3.11\u2009mg GAE/g dried extract. The estimated models were strongly significant (p < 0.05) for TPC values with significant regression coefficients (R 2) of 0.9979. The obtained RLE was supposed to be the top grade of natural antioxidant with the IC50 (DPPH assays) value of 9.4 ± 0.1\u2009μg/mL, which is higher than that of the vitamin C by just three times (IC50 = 3.2 ± 0.1\u2009μg/mL). Current results justify RLE as a potential agent in food preservation applications.