The effect of deer antler from East Kalimantan to increase trabecular bone density and calcium levels in serum on osteoporotic mice.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES\nGlucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (dexamethasone) is a primary cause of secondary osteoporosis by the decreasing formation and increasing resorption activities. Previously, the in vitro study showed that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler have increased alkaline phosphatase in osteoblast cell that known as marker of bone formation. The mind of this study is to analyze the effect of deer antlers in increasing the bone trabecular density of osteoporosis-induced male mice.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThis study used a post-test control group design. A total of 54 healthy male mice were randomly divided to nine groups, i.e.,\xa0healthy control, osteoporotic, positive control, 70% ethanol (4, 8, and 12\xa0mg/kg BW), and aqueous extracts (4, 8, and 12\xa0mg/kg BW) of deer antler groups. All of the interventions were given 1\xa0mL of test sample for 4\xa0weeks orally. The bone densities were determined using histomorphometry by Image J and Adobe Photoshop. The statistical data were performed using SPSS 23 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe results showed that alendronate group, 70% ethanol, and aqueous extract groups increased bone density and calcium levels in serum (p<0.05) compared to osteoporotic group in dose dependent manner. It indicated that 70% ethanol and aqueous extract of deer antler stimulating bone turnover and aqueous extract showed the highest.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nDexamethasone induction for 4\xa0weeks caused osteoporotic mice and the administration of 70% ethanol and aqueous extracts of deer antler from East Kalimantan increased trabecular bone density and calcium levels in dose dependent manner.