A critical review on genetics and implications of type 1 diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus disease study and discovery dates back to 1500BCE in Egyptian manuscript, in which they discovered that person affected by diabetes have sweet urine.1 One of the early concrete key study on Diabetes is mainly attributed to Joseph Von Mering and Oskar Minkowski. Their research was carried on dogs that showed that role of damaged pancreas leading to diabetes.2 Paul Langerhans discovered the islets of Langerhans in pancreas where insulin is produced and the role of insulin was further validated by the experiments by Sir Frederick Grant Banting and Charles Herbert Best in 1921.3,4 Diabetes mellitus are broadly classified into two types Type 1 diabetes which is insulin dependent diabetes characterized by beta cell damage in the pancreas in contrast to Type 2 diabetes which are characterized by insulin resistance where B cell is not able to release sufficient insulin. The difference between Type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes was first made by Sir Harold Percival (Harry) Himsworth.5