Influence of iron (IV) clathrochelate complexon quail blood parameters and weight characteristics

Abstract

We studied the chronic toxicity of the compounds of Iron(iv). We monitored the dynamics of the body weight, relative weight \ncoefficients of the internal organs, the content of the hemoglobin, the morphological parameters of blood, and biochemical \nparameters of serum of blood of quails after use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes at the doses 1/10 and 1/5 DL50 them for 30 \ndays. Daily drinking of quails of experimental groups of solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes3 at the doses 76.43 and \n152.86 mg/kg of body weight caused the reduction of body weight by 3 and 5% respectively on the thirtieth day. A tendency to \nincrease the relative weight of the kidneys and to decrease the relative weight of the liver, heart and spleen showed an excessive \nload of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes on the internal organs of quails. Hemoglobin in the blood of the quails of the experimental \ngroups was less by 2-34% (P<0.05) than the control indicator but the indicator of the number of erythrocytes in the quails of the \ncontrol and experimental groups for 30 days was within the physiological values. The use of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes \ncaused the development of hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and short-term hypoglycemia in the serum of the blood of the \nquails of the experimental groups. Changes in an activity of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase for 30 days \nwere not expressed, but the activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher compared to the control indicators during the \nexperimental period. Drinking the solution of Iron(IV) clathrochelate complexes caused hypercreatinemia and hyperuricemia, which \nindicates a decrease in the filtration capacity of the kidney glomeruli. We have seen an increase in the levels total Calcium and \ninorganic Phosphorus. \nKey words: Toxicity; Hexahydrazide clathrochelate; Body weight; Morphology; Biochemistry; Quail \nReferences \nDozier, W.A., Davis, A.J., Freeman, M.E., & Ward, T.L. (2003). Early growth and environmental implications of dietary zinc and \ncopper concentrations and sources of broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci., 44, 726–731. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660310001643714 \nDukhnitsky, V. B., Derkach, I. M., Plutenko, M. O., Fritsky, I. O., & Derkach, S. S. (2018). Vyznachennja parametriv gostroi \ntoksychnosti ferumu (IV) na bilyh myshah. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 8 (2), 308–312. https://doi.org/10.15421/2018_343 (in \nUkrainian). \nDukhnitsky, V. B., Derkach, I. M., Plutenko, M. O., Fritsky, I. O., & Derkach, S. S. (2019). Cumulative properties of Iron(IV) \nclathrochelate in rats. Visnyk PDAA, 2, 2382–46. \nDerkach, I. (2017). Suchasni tendencii na vitchyznjanomu rynku ferumvmisnyh preparativ dlja tvaryn. Naukovyj visnyk Lvivskogo \nnacionalnogo universytetu veterynarnoi medycyny ta biotehnologij imeni S.Z. Gzhyckogo, 19 (78), 23–25. \nhttps://doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7805 (in Ukrainian). \nCommission of the European Communities: Council Directive of 18 December 1986 on the Lows, regulating the Application of \nPrinciples of Good Laboratory Practice and the Verification of Their Applications for Tests on Chemical Substances (87/18/EEC) \n(1991). The Rules Governing Medicinal Products in the European Community. 1, 145–146. \nJiefen, C., Yinping, L., Peng, Y., Qiping, Zh., Jingfeng, W., Yongzhou, Ch., & Peng, W. (2017). A novel low molecular weight \nEnteromorpha polysaccharide-iron (III) complex and its effect on rats with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). International journal of \nbiological macromolecules. 108, 412–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac \nEngland, J. Bigelow, Ð\x9e., Katherine, M., Heuvelen, V., Farquhar, E., Martinho, M., Meier, K., Frisch, J., Munck E., & Que L. (2014). \nAn ultra-stable oxoiron (IV) complex and its blue conjugate base. Chemical Science, 5, 12041–215. doi:10.1039/C3SC52755G \nGheisari, A.A., Sanei, A. Samie, A., Gheisari, M.M., & Toghyani. M. (2011). Effect of diets supplemented with different levels of \nmanganese, zinc, and copper from their organic or inorganic sources on egg production and quality characteristics in laying hens. \nBiol Trace Elem Res, 142(2011), 557–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8779-x \nGroves, J. T. (2006). High-valent iron in chemical and biological oxidations. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry, 100(4), 4344–47. \nhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2006.01.012 \nHolubiev, M., & Holubieva, T. (2017). The productivity of young quail at the usage of different sources of zinc in fodders.Scientific \nMessenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies. Series: Agricultural Sciences, 19(74), 127–130. \nhttps://doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7428 \nHolubiev, M.I., M.Yu. Sychov, M.Yu., & Holubieva, T.A. (2017). Effect of copper as feed additives on growth performance in quail \nchicks. Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 7(2), 59-63. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2017_21 \nKim, J.C., Wilcock, P., & Bedford, M.R. (2018). Iron status of piglets and impact of phytase superdosing on iron physiology: A \nreview. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 235, 81–84. \nKotsiumbas I.Ya. (2006) Doklinichni doslidzhennja veterynarnyh likars kyh zasobiv. L viv. Triada pljus (in Ukrainian). \nLipiA\x84ski, P., StarzyA\x84ski, R., Canonne-Hergaux, F., Tudek, B., OliA\x84ski, R., Kowalczyk, P., Dziaman, T., Thibaudeau, O., Gralak, M. A., \nSmuda, E., WoliA\x84ski, J., UsiA\x84ska, A., & Zabielski R. (2010). Benefits and Risks of Iron Supplementation in Anemic Neonatal Pigs. \nAmerican journal of hematology, 177(3), 123–31243. doi: https://10.2353/ajpath.2010.091020. \nMaes, D., Steyaert, M., Vanderhaeghe, C., Lopez Rodriguez, A., de Jong, E., Del Pozo Sacristan, R., Vangroenweghe, F., & Dewulf, \nJ. (2011) Comparison of oral versus parenteral iron supplementation on the health and productivity of piglets. Veterinary record, 19, \n168–188. doi: https://10.1136/vr.c7033 \nMiles, R., Henry, P., Sampath, V., Shivazad, M., &Comer, C. (2003). Relative bioavailability of novel amino acid chelates of \nmanganese and copper for chicks. J. Appl. Poult. Res., 12 (2003), pp. 417–423. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/12.4.417 \nPozniakovskyi, Yu.V., Holubiev, M.I., & Holubieva, T.A. (2018). Productivity of growing rabbits for use of forrage with different zinc \ncontent. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 1(2), 3–6. \nShahzad, M.N., Javed, M.T., Shabir, S., Irfan, M., & Hussain, R. (2012). Effects of feeding urea and copper sulphate in different \ncombinations on live body weight, carcass weight, percent weight to body weight of different organs and histopathological tissue \nchanges in broilers. Exp. Toxicol. Path., 64, 141–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etp.2010.07.009 \nSpears, J.W., Schlegel, P., Seal, M.C., & Lloyd, K.E. (2004). Bioavailability of zinc from zinc sulfate and different organs zinc sources \nand their effects on ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions. Livestock Production Science, 90, 2–3, 211–217. \nStreyl, K., Carlstron, J., Dantos, E., Mendoza, R., Islas, J.A., & Bhushan C. (2015). Field Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Oral \nToltrazuril and Iron Combination (Baycox® Iron) in Maintaining Weaning Weight by Preventing Coccidiosis and Anaemia in Neonatal \nPiglets, 114 (1), 1932–00. doi: https://10.1007/s00436-015-45254–529 \nTodoriuk, V. B., Hunchak,V. M., Gutyj, B. V., Gufriy, D. F., Hariv, I. I., Khomyk, R. I., & Vasivhttps, R. O. (2018). Preclinical research \nof the experimental preparation “Ferosel T”. Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, 1, 3−9. \nhttps://doi.org/10.15421/ujvas0101 \nTomyn, S., Shylin, S. I., Bykov, D., Ksenofontov, V., Gumienna-Kontecka, E., Bon, V., & Fritsky, I.O. (2017) Indefinitely stable iron \n(IV) cage complexes formed in water by air oxidation. Nature Communications, 8, 1–8. \nVasanth, S., Dipu, M.T., Mercy, A.D., & Shyama, K. (2015). Studies on production performance in broiler chicken supplementing \ncopper and flavomycin in feed. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications, 3(3), 269–272.