EFECTO DE INTERVENCIONES CON EJERCICIO O SUPLEMENTACIÓN SOBRE LA MASA MUSCULAR DE PERSONAS MAYORES CON SARCOPENIA: UN META-ANÁLISIS

Abstract

espanolLa sarcopenia se caracteriza por la perdida de la masa muscular y la fuerza. Objetivo: determinar el tamano de efecto global del tratamiento con ejercicio y/o suplementacion sobre la masa muscular de personas adultas mayores diagnosticadas con sarcopenia, asi como identificar las variables que moderan el efecto del tratamiento. Metodos: Se realizo una busqueda de literatura en las bases de datos EBSCOhost, Ovid, ProQuest, PubMed; ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Embase. De 4770 estudios recuperados, se incluyeron 14 que cumplieron los criterios de inclusion de analizar la masa muscular, emplear disenos experimentales, aportar la estadistica descriptiva, administrar un programa de ejercicio, suplementacion o combinado de estas intervenciones e incluir personas mayores de 60 anos diagnosticadas con sarcopenia. Los estudios debian estar publicados en texto completo en ingles o espanol. El calculo del tamano de efecto global se siguio utilizando el modelo de efectos aleatorios. Resultados: Fueron analizados 818 sujetos pertenecientes al grupo experimental y 284 al grupo control. Se obtuvo un tamano de efecto global de 0.16 (p=0.005), procedente de 38 tamanos de efecto. El grafico de Funnel plot y la prueba de Egger no evidenciaron la presencia de sesgo general, ni publicacion. Se necesitan 23 estudios para que el tamano de efecto global sea no significativo. Conclusion: Se evidencia un cambio significativo en la masa muscular de personas adultas mayores diagnosticadas con sarcopenia, utilizando el tipo de intervencion de ejercicio contra-resistencia con o sin suplementacion, asimismo, se establece una guia de recomendaciones sobre prescripcion de ejercicio y suplementacion. EnglishSarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength. Objective: to determine the size of the overall effect of treatment based on exercise and / or supplementation on muscle mass in elderly adults diagnosed with Sarcopenia, as well as to identify the variables that can moderate the effect of the treatment. Methods: a literature search was conducted in the databases EBSCOhost, Ovid, ProQuest, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Embase. Out of the 4770 studies recovered, there were 14 studies which met these criteria: analyzing muscle mass, using experimental designs, providing descriptive statistics, administering a program based on exercise or supplementation or both, as well as including people over 60 years old diagnosed with sarcopenia. The aforementioned studies were required to be published completely in English or in Spanish. The calculation of the global effect size followed the random effects model. Results: 818 subjects belonging to the experimental group and 284 to the control group were analyzed. An overall effect size of 0.16 (p = 0.005), from 38 effect sizes was obtained. The Funnel Plot graph and the Egger test do not reveal evidence of any presence of general bias nor publication. In addition, 23 studies are needed in order for the global effect size not to be significant. Conclusion: There is evidence of a significant change in the muscle mass of older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia when using the exercise against resistance type of intervention, with or without supplementation. In like manner, a guide of recommendations on prescription of exercise and supplementation is established.