Condiciones climáticas y la producción láctea del ganado jersey en dos pisos altitudinales

Abstract

espanolIntroduccion. La precipitacion, temperatura, radiacion y humedad relativa varian segun la altura, esto provoca la presencia de microclimas que afectan la productividad de los animales. Objetivo. Asociar las condiciones climaticas presentes en el sistema productivo con la produccion lactea de un hato jersey puro en dos pisos altitudinales de la provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica. Materiales y metodos. De forma retrospectiva, durante el ano 2016, se evaluo la informacion productiva de dos sistemas ubicados a 660 y 1800 msnm. Del primero se analizaron los registros de 61 animales durante doce anos (12 083 datos); mientras que en el segundo se analizaron las lactancias de 387 animales en cinco anos (13 820 registros). Las observaciones incluyeron: identificacion del semoviente, dia de generacion del registro, mes, ano, produccion de leche diaria, dias de lactancia, numero de partos, edad del animal, temperatura, precipitacion, radiacion solar y humedad relativa promedio. Resultados. Los dias de lactancia, el numero de lactancia (3a-5a), la edad del animal (3,7 a 5,8 anos) y el numero de partos afectaron la produccion de leche diaria en ambas fincas (p EnglishIntroduction. Precipitation, temperature, radiation, and relative humidity vary according to height, this causes the presence of microclimates that affect the productivity of the animals. Objective. Associate the climatic conditions present in the productive systems with dairy production of a pure Jersey herd in two altitudinal floors of the province of Cartago, Costa Rica. Materials and methods. In retrospect, during the year 2016, the productive information of two dairy farms, located at 660 and 1800 m.a.s.l. was evaluated. From the first farm, the records of 61 animals in a twelve-year period (12,083 data) were analyzed; while in the second, the lactations of 387 animals in a five-year period (13,820 records) were analyzed. Observations included: identification of the cow, day of generation of the record, month, year, daily milk production, lactation days, calving number, animal age, temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and average relative humidity. Results. The lactation days, the lactation number (3-5), the age of the animal (3.7 to 5.8 years), and the calving number affected the daily milk production on both farms (p