A Retrospective Observational study about pattern of Traumatic Head injury Cases in Tertiary Medical Centres

Abstract

Introduction : \xa0Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most devastating types of injury. Worldwide it is a major public health problem and is predicted to surpass many diseases as a major cause of death and disability by the year 2020. The majority cases are due to road traffic injuries (RTI), followed by falls\xa0 and violence. Young male are commonly affected population in TBI. The objective of this study were to analyse various factors of head injury in relation to age, sex and etiology and to know diverse types of intracranial lesions, their frequency and relation with the mode of injury. \nMethods: \xa0This Retrospective study involved Prior Consent from\xa0 Hospital Authorities\xa0\xa0 Subjects included both the genders , all age groups including pediatric and geriatric age group and all classes of socio economic strata. A total of\xa0 200\xa0 patients were selected which were\xa0 proven cases of Had Injury / Traumatic Brain Injury during a period of 1 year. GCS scores were analysed with GOS. Clinical status and outcome was also assessed. \nResults: The age of patients varied from 1 month to 87 years. Younger the patient the better was recovery.\xa0 Sex distribution did not have any specific impact on outcome of TBI patients but majority of TBI affected population were male. The event following the injury included episode of loss of consciousness (LOC) in 67% cases. On examination 29 % cases had abnormal pupillary response, 13% had abnormal motor power, 8 % had abnormal plantar response and\xa0cranial nerve examination was not normal in 27% cases. On CT scan head 71% cases revealed abnormal findings. Significant association was noted with radiological injuries of other body parts, GCS, abnormal planter response, abnormal pupillary response and cranial nerve dysfunction (P\xa0value < 0.05). \nConclusion:\xa0 Prompt treatment of head injuries involves immediate GCS, radiological evaluation, surgical intervention and intensive care in all appropriate cases, as the first few minutes are crucial for the final outcome. Surgeons should follow the general management plan — Resuscitation, Review and then Repair. The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) guidelines should be adhered to, while treating all cases of suspected head injury.By improving our system with better reporting and documentation of cases, we will be able to make a better plan to decrease the incidence of TBI and their timely appropriate multimodality approaches to achieve better outcome of these cases within our limited resources.