KONSERVASI SUMBER DAYA UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon) DI PANTAI TIMUR ACEH, KABUPATEN ACEH TIMUR

Abstract

Udang windu (Penaeus monodon) merupakan salah satu komoditas udang utama dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi di perairan, Kabupaten Aceh. Saat ini laju eksploitasi udang windu sangat tinggi. Hal tersebut merupakan ancaman terhadap kelestarian sumber daya udang windu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji opsi pengelolaan konservasi udang windu di Aceh Timur. Kepadatan post larva Penaeidae berkisar antara 0-214 ind/1.000 m3 dan kepadatan stok juvenil udang windu berkisar antara 686-1.875 ind/km2, dimana kepadatan tertinggi di Kuala Arakundo dan Kuala Peureulak. Distribusi spasial kelimpahan udang windu berkisar antara 10-130 ekor/m2 (10-167.000 g/ha). Analisis aspek status pemanfaatan, degradasi habitat (penebangan liar, pembukaan tambak, dan sedimentasi), perkiraan dan evaluasi resiko, serta faktor-faktor yang mendukung diantaranya respon masyarakat dan kesiapan sistem sosial merupakan masukan dalam menentukan konservasi sumber daya udang windu. Oleh karena itu, dalam upaya menjamin kelestarian sumber daya udang windu di alam serta keberlanjutan usaha budidayanya, perlu dilakukan langkah-langkah pengelolaan dan konservasi sumber daya udang windu yang rasional, seperti (a) pengendalian dan pemulihan degradasi lingkungan melalui pengendalian erosi bagian hulu-hilir, dan menjaga dan merehabilitasi hutan mangrove, (b) pengendalian penyebaran penyakit dengan pendekatan kehati-hatian untuk pengembangan budidaya udang vanamei, (c) pengendalian penangkapan juvenil udang windu melalui pelarangan beroperasi alat tangkap sejenis trawl (pukat langgih dan pukat layang), dan (d) revitalisasi dan pengembangan kelembagaan nelayan. Indian tiger prawn (Penaeusmonodon) is one of the main shrimp commodities and has high economic value. East coastal waters of East Aceh district is known as one of the main producer of tiger prawns with the best quality. On the other hand the rate of exploitation of tiger shrimp is very high. This issue is therefore need to be a addressed further. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to assess the management activities needed to conserve tiger shrimp in East Aceh. Penaeidae post larvae density in Aceh Timur ranges from 0-214 ind/1,000 m3 and juvenile stock density ranges from 0,245-49,419 kg/km2, where the highest density is in Kuala Arakundo and Kuala Peureulak. The Spatial Abundance Distribution of indian tiger prawn ranges from 10 to 130 ind./m2 (10-167,000 g/ha). Analysis of aspects of utilization status, habitat degradation (illegal logging, sedimentation, land clearing for aquaculture), risk estimation and evaluation, and factors are inputthat support conservation of tiger shrimp resources. Therefore, in an effort to ensure the sustainability of tiger shrimp resources in the wild and the sustainability of its cultivation business, it is necessary to take steps to manage and conserve rational tiger shrimp resources.such as (a) controlling and restoring environmental degradation through upstream-downstream erosion control, and safeguarding and rehabilitating mangrove, (b) controlling the spread of diseases with precautionary approach to the development of vanamei shrimp farming, (c) controlling the capture of indian tiger prawn juveniles through the prohibition operates of bottom trawling (pukat langgih and pukat layang), and (d) fisherman revitalization and institutional development.