Cigarette smoke exposure inhibit antibody production via inhibition of alveolar macrophage

Abstract

Cigarette smoke (CS) consists of mainstream smoke, sidestream smoke, growing smoke, diffusion smoke, effusion smoke, smoldering smoke and blowing smoke, which are exhaled by a smoker [1,2]. CS, except for mainstream smoke, is called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) [2]. Approximately 6,000 different chemicals are found in CS, and 200 of these are considered as toxic substances [3]. CS has a gas phase and a particle phase. Carbon monoxide and ammonia are part of the gas phase. The particle phase includes nicotine and benzopyrene. CS includes many kinds of carcinogen and cancer promoters [2,4]. Cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for development of cancer, has also been associated with an increased incidence of infections, chronic pulmonary obstructive disease (COPD), asthma and bronchitis [5,6].