『드라큘라』에 나타난 가톨릭주의와 억압된 욕망

Abstract

In this paper, I argue that the characterization of Van Helsing and Dracula is built upon Ruskin’s dichotomization of Christianity as medieval proto-Protestantism (Protestant Catholicism) and Roman Catholicism. Ruskin’s dichotomy relies on the demonization of Roman Catholicism which is viewed as promoting homosexuality and female sexuality. Protestant Crusaders are initially suspicious of the use of Catholic symbols that Van Helsing introduces. However, it is not their science and technology but Catholic rituals of exorcism that can overpower Dracula. By demonstrating the magical power of Catholic symbols, Van Helsing leads them to accept Protestant Catholicism. However, in contrast to Dracula’s protestant spirit of rebellion against accepted norms, Van Helsing seems to be a repressive Roman Catholic Inquisitor who performs a sadistic ritual of staking Lucy to defend the norms of gender and sexuality. Thus it is difficult to contain Van Helsing and Dracula within Ruskin’s dichotomy. The fact that Jonathan Harker catalyzes the reintroduction of Roman Catholicism in Britain implies that Dracula is equivalent to the Oxford Movement. Since Catholicism is accepted by Protestants in Dracula, it becomes evident that the conventions of Gothic fiction that entail the demonization of Catholicism are not viable in the twentieth century.