Poverty upsurge in 2015 and the rising trend in regional and age inequality among the poor in Brazil

Abstract

EnglishSummary The aim of this article is threefold. Firstly, to present income-based poverty and extreme poverty indicators for 2015, when the macroeconomic crisis led to a generalized deterioration affecting all areas and regions. The second aim is to discuss long-term evolution, emphasizing the period since 2004, when sustained improvement of income indicators as well as convergence of regional and area results began. Considering the period from 2004 to 2014/2015, the third aim is to show that the reduction in poverty and extreme poverty was parallel to increased inequality in poverty regarding two critical aspects: the regional aspect, since inequality among the five regions became higher, thus reinforcing the dichotomy between the North/Northeast versus the Centre-South; the age aspect, because the recent improvements since 2004 have not sufficiently benefited children as to reverse their disadvantaged position, so much so that in 2015 children still had a share in poverty that was twice their share in the total population. The last section concerns policy measures that may reduce the impact of the crisis on the poor. portuguesResumo Este artigo tem tres objetivos. Primeiro, apresentar indicadores de pobreza para 2015, quando a crise macroeconomica levou ao seu agravamento em todas as regioes e areas do pais. Segundo, discutir a evolucao de longo prazo enfatizando o periodo 2004-2015, caracterizado por melhoria sustentada dos indicadores e convergencia espacial dos resultados ate a reversao de 2015. Terceiro, mostrar que a queda da pobreza de 2004/2014 se fez acompanhar pelo agravamento da desigualdade na pobreza quanto a dois aspectos criticos: o regional - a desigualdade entre as cinco regioes aumentou, acentuando a dicotomia Norte/Nordeste versus Centro-Sul; e o etario, ja que reducao da pobreza e da indigencia nao beneficiou primordialmente as criancas, que em 2015 ainda tinham participacao na pobreza e na indigencia que era o dobro da sua participacao na populacao em geral. Ao final sao tratadas medidas de politica passiveis de reduzir os efeitos da crise sobre os mais pobres.