Epidemiological Profile of Hypertension, and Its Determinants Amongst Adult Patients in Cameroon: A Hospital-Based Study

Abstract

Original Research | Volume 4 | Issue 1| 24 Copyright 2019 by Biyegue CFN. This is an open-access article distributed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which allows to copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and reproduce in any medium or format, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited. cc Background: Hypertension (HTN) is the major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Despite the increasing trends suggesting that HTN is a growing public health problem in developing countries; studies on its prevalence, associated risk factors, and extent of blood pressure control have been mostly done in communities in these countries. In Cameroon, there exists few data on the prevalence of hypertension in hospital area. Aim of the study: To determine the prevalence of hypertension and identifying the cardiometabolic risk factors associated with HTN of the patients attending to Deido District Hospital. Methodology: Descriptive and cross sectional survey was carried out at the Deido District Hospital. For this, 805 cameroonians male and female aged 20 years above were recruited on their arrival at the hospital. After filling a questionnaire related to their lifestyle (cigarette, food consumption frequency, practice of physical activity), the following parameters were recorded: age, gender, weight, height and glycemia. HTN was defined according to 2017 American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines. Hyperglycemia was diagnosed with Intermediate distribution frame (IDF) criteria. Body mass index was calculated and physical activity was defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 28.4%. Concerning subtypes of HTN, the prevalence of subdural hematoma (SDH) was 27.1%, that of ISH was 15.7% and that of intradialytic hypotension (IDH) was 17.8%. Women were more affected than men (63.8% vs 36.2%). The prevalence of hyperglycemia was 16.2%, obesity was 40.2% and overweight was 30.6%. Adults aged 4059, 60-79 and 80 and above were 1.99, 4.21 and 4.71 times more exposed to HTN (OR=1.99; p=0.002), (OR=4.21; p=0.000) and (OR=4.71; p=0.014). Concerning marital status, individuals “Divorced”, “widowed” and “married” individuals were more exposed (OR=5.40; p=0.006), (OR=2.17; p=0.000) and (OR=2.10; p=0.006). Monthly Wages influences the onset of HTN. Individuals having high (OR= 4.40; p=0.000), middle (OR=2.92; p=0.000) and minimum (OR=2.08; p=0.015) monthly wages were more exposed to HTN than none. Concerning educational level, it appears that those with University education were 3.32 times exposed to HTN following by those with secondary education (OR=2.98; p=0.004) and primary education (OR=2.49; p=0.010). In the case of physical activity, those who don’t practice physical activity were 0.24 times exposed than others (OR=0.24; p=0.050). Conclusion: Around one-third of the subjects were hypertensive. Age, sedentarity (physical inactivity), monthly wages, marital status and education level were cardiometabolic risk factors associated to hypertension.