Effect of the standard levels of forest road segments on soil loss

Abstract

Abstract: Roads with the low standard level are often more susceptible to soil loss and production of sediment during rainfall events. The main aims of this research were to investigate the relationships between the standard level of the road and soil loss and determine the most effective road attributes in soil loss. Therefore, 30 road segments were selected in Bahramnia forest district, Golestan Province. These segments were classified into low standard, medium standard and high standard levels based on longitudinal slope, coverage on cut slopes, distance from runoff origin to culvert, traffic volume, and surfacing quality. A rubber bar was installed at the end of each segment to divert runoff into a sediment trap. In each trap, a series of wooden pins marked the locations for repeated elevation measurements of trapped sediment. Sediment volume was measured after each rainfall event. Results of the study showed that the most effective road attributes in soil loss were distance from runoff origin to trap and depth of ditch. Soil loss from road segments increased with the decreasing standard level of segments but this relationship was moderately strong (correlation coefficient: –0.45). An average amount of soil loss from low level standard road segments was 6.56 t·ha–1·year–1 while an amount of soil loss for high level standard roads was 2.66 t·ha–1·year–1. Indeed, by improving the road attributes and standard level, less sediment is produced from road segments.