Контрактный раздаток и солидаризм – новая веха российской матрицы

Abstract

Olga Bessonova – DSc in Sociology, Leading Researcher, Institute of Economics\xa0and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.\xa0Address: 17, Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation. E-mail: [email protected] \nCitation: Bessonova O. (2019) Contractual Razdatok ( Redistribution) and Solidarism:\xa0a New Milestone in the Russian Institutional Matrix. Mir Rossii, vol. 28, no 1, pp. 7–31\xa0(in Russian). DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-1-7-31 \nThis article introduces the integral-institutional paradigm as a new theoretical framework\xa0for analyzing social and economic evolution. In this new paradigm, at the global level,\xa0the market and razdatok (i.e. redistributive, non-market principles of resource allocation)\xa0are viewed as universal coordination mechanisms. At the local (applied) level, they are\xa0viewed as equally viable methods for the state. The author revisits Russia’s and the global\xa0substantiates the argument that the welfare state and democracy in developed Western\xa0countries are the result of an inclusive synthesis of market and razdatok. The modern day\xa0institutional dilemma is presented not as socialism (a planned economy) vs capitalism\xa0(a market economy), but rather as quasi-market vs contractual razdatok. The essence\xa0of the Russian civilizational matrix is shown, which begot its ‘tribute-to-distribute’\xa0institutions in the course of society’s adaptation and survival in a severe environment.\xa0These institutions operate through a specific mechanism of administrative complaints,\xa0which people use to communicate their demands to the state, in exchange for people’s\xa0loyal service to (and admiration for the power of) the state. The persistence of this matrix\xa0in Russia is explained by the regular reproduction of the same basic institutions of razdatok\xa0in different historical forms. In spite of the unique civilizational factors that shape the\xa0cyclical trajectory “razdatok – quasi-market – updated razdatok”, the matrix is subject\xa0to the general laws of societal development and formational change. According to the\xa0new paradigm, solidarism is a new evolutionary step in the global civilizational matrix,\xa0i.e. an integral formation combining an open access order with an inclusive synthesis of\xa0market and razdatok institutions, or contractual razdatok. One important implication of\xa0this new paradigm is that Russia’s transition to an open access order will have to be based\xa0on a combination of institutions of contractual razdatok and the ideological platform of\xa0solidarism in order to overcome the systemic institutional crisis of the quasi-market.development in the context of civilizational, formational and institutional paradigms, and\xa0substantiates the argument that the welfare state and democracy in developed Western\xa0countries are the result of an inclusive synthesis of market and razdatok. The modern day\xa0institutional dilemma is presented not as socialism (a planned economy) vs capitalism\xa0(a market economy), but rather as quasi-market vs contractual razdatok. The essenceof the Russian civilizational matrix is shown, which begot its ‘tribute-to-distribute’\xa0institutions in the course of society’s adaptation and survival in a severe environment.\xa0These institutions operate through a specific mechanism of administrative complaints,\xa0which people use to communicate their demands to the state, in exchange for people’s\xa0loyal service to (and admiration for the power of) the state. The persistence of this matrix\xa0in Russia is explained by the regular reproduction of the same basic institutions of razdatok\xa0in different historical forms. In spite of the unique civilizational factors that shape the\xa0cyclical trajectory “razdatok – quasi-market – updated razdatok”, the matrix is subject\xa0to the general laws of societal development and formational change. According to the\xa0new paradigm, solidarism is a new evolutionary step in the global civilizational matrix,\xa0i.e. an integral formation combining an open access order with an inclusive synthesis of\xa0market and razdatok institutions, or contractual razdatok. One important implication of\xa0this new paradigm is that Russia’s transition to an open access order will have to be based\xa0on a combination of institutions of contractual razdatok and the ideological platform of\xa0solidarism in order to overcome the systemic institutional crisis of the quasi-market.