Successful pregnancy outcome in a case of idiopathic primary hypoparathyroidism with seizure disorder: a case report

Abstract

Hypoparathyroidism is an orphan endocrine disorder characterized by hypocalcemia, absence or inappropriately low circulating PTH levels and normal to high phosphate level with varying etiologies. Hypoparathyroidism in pregnancy is seldom encountered by obstetricians. The prevalence of hypoparathyroidism ranges from 0.5 to 6.6% worldwide, however there is no available data in pregnant women. Hypoparathyroidism can be of primary or secondary type. Primary hypoparathyroidism (PHP) results from absence or deficient production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Causes most commonly includes iatrogenic events like surgical injury/inadvertent removal of parathyroid gland during thyroid/parathyroid surgery, followed by noniatrogenic causes like autoimmune destruction of the parathyroid gland as seen in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1, genetic abnormalities (Di Georges syndrome) or other acquired causes like radiotherapy or infiltrative diseases (Wilson’s disease ,granulomas or metastatic disease). However, specific causes cannot be identified promptly in few cases(Idiopathic). In Secondary hypoparathyroidism, parathyroid gland dysfunction is the consequence of a primary problem elsewhere, leading to hypercalcinemia finally resulting in low PTH levels.