NT-pro brain natriuretic peptide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without overt heart failure: a hospital based cross sectional study

Abstract

Background: Increased secretion of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) occurs mainly with increased tension in the ventricular walls, decreased oxygen supply, acute myocardial infarction, chronic cardiac heart failure, and in hypertrophy of the heart. Objective was to find out the prevalence and profile of NT-pro BNP levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without overt heart failure. Methods: Hospital based cross sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Pt. JNM Medical College and associated Dr. BRAM Hospital Raipur, Chhattisgarh involving 106 patients of type 2 DM during the period of April 2019 to April 2020, after ethical approval from institutional ethical committee. Results: The levels of NT pro BNP was found to be elevated in 87.7% patients of DM type 2. Majority of them were from 51-60 years age group (35.5%). Elevated NT proBNP levels was seen in 23.58% of patients having grade I diastolic dysfunction, 3.7% patients with grade II diastolic dysfunction and 1.88% patients having grade III diastolic dysfunction on echocardiography out of the 106 patients. Regardless of presence of diastolic dysfunction on echo, 93 (87.73%) patients out of the total study group of 106 patients had elevated BNP suggesting cardiac dysfunction. In the present study, 30.19% patients with diabetes were found to have varying degrees of diastolic dysfunction on echocardiography. Conclusions: The prevalence of elevated NT pro BNP was 87.7%. Commonly observed age group with elevated NT pro BNP was 51-60 years. NT pro BNP was elevated in 88.7% of males and in 88.36% of females. Prevalence of elevated NT pro BNP was higher in grade 1 diastolic dysfunction with DM duration of more than 5 years (33.3%). Higher prevalence of elevated NT pro BNP was seen in grade I diastolic dysfunction (23.58%).