Prevelance of diabetes mellitus in common ophthalmic disorders

Abstract

Aim: To study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in common ophthalmic diseases such as glaucoma, cataract and retinopathy. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional, observational study. The study was conducted in a tertiary eye care hospital. Patients with diseases of glaucoma, cataract and retinopathy in this study. Thorough eye examination was carried out in outward patient department at Tertiary eye care hospital. Examination was carried out in ophthalmology department with slit lamp examination, distant direct opthalmoscopy, fundus examination with the help of direct opthalmoscope, indirect opthalmoscope and slit lamp with 90D tonometry with help of applanation tonometer. First anterior segment examination was done with the help of slit lamp, and applanation tonometer after thorough examination of anterior segment, posterior segment was thoroughly examined. Pupils of patients were dilated with the help of Tropicamide 0.5% with Phenylepherine. After full dilatation of pupil fundus examination was done after 30 mins. The patients were evaluated for diabetic retinopathy and findings such as microaneurysm, dot and blot hemorrhages, venous dilatation, intraretinal microvascular aneurysm, neovascularisation at the disk, neovascularisation elsewhere, hard exudates, macular edema were noted. Results: Are during this study a total of 856 patients were included in the study. There were 42% male patients and 54% female patients. Out of 856 patients 75% were affected with cataract, 70% with retinopathy, and 58% with glaucoma. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in glaucoma is 18.50%. Ocular disorders without diabetes mellitus in patients with cataract is 54.6, in retinopathy is 3.05% and in glaucoma is 11.56%. Conclusion: we then came to the conclusion that one of the most potential risk factor for eye diseaqses is diabetes mellitus. There were most strong association of diabetes mellitus in cataract and glaucoma.