Trabajo y castigos laborales a los indios de Pamplona del Nuevo Reino de Granada, siglo XVII

Abstract

espanolEste articulo procura examinar cuales fueron los castigos laborales que infringieron los encomenderos y agentes privados (hacendados, estancieros y mineros) a los indios durante el siglo XVII en la Provincia de Pamplona del Nuevo Reino de Granada. Para ello se han examinado algunas solicitudes y quejas que presentaban los indios. El enfoque adoptado aborda las relaciones entre las condiciones de trabajo y los castigos bajo el regimen de la encomienda, el concierto agrario y las conducciones a las minas de oro (los dos ultimos eran tipos de mita en la region). Como resultado se encontraron multiples referencias a practicas que acentuaban las disciplinas laborales y la sumision de los indios en la vida cotidiana. La investigacion permite concluir que hubo significativas conexiones entre los castigos, la intensidad de los regimenes de trabajo, las huidas, las enfermedades y, en general, el declive demografico de las comunidades indias. EnglishThis article aims to examine the labour punishments, which were imposed on Indians by encomenderos and private agents (landowners, ranchers and miners) during the seventeenth century in the Pamplona Province of the New Kingdom of Granada. With that purpose, it has been examined some requests and complaints presented by Indians. The approach adopted addresses the relationships between working conditions and punishments under regime of encomienda, agrarian agreement and conductions to gold mines (the last two were types of mita in the region). As a result, they were found multiple references to practices, which accentuated labour disciplines and submission of Indians in everyday life. The research enables to conclude that there were significant connections between punishments, intensity of the work regimes, escapes, diseases and, in general, the demographic decline of the Indian communities. portuguesEste artigo tenta examinar quais foram as punicoes trabalhistas que os encomenderos e agentes privados (latifundiario, estancieiros e mineiros) infringiram nos indios durante o seculo XVII na Provincia de Pamplona, Novo Reino de Granada. Para isso, alguns pedidos e reclamacoes apresentados pelos indios foram examinados. O foco adotado aborda as relacoes de trabalho e punicoes sob o regime da Encomienda, o Acordo agrario e as Conducoes as minas de ouro (as duas ultimas foram tipos de mita na regiao). Como resultado, foram encontradas multiplas referencias praticas que acentuaram as disciplinas do trabalho e a submissao dos indios na vida cotidiana. A pesquisa permite concluir que houve conexoes significativas entre as punicoes, a intensidade dos regimes de trabalho, as fugas, as doencas e, em geral, o declinio demografico das comunidades indigenas.